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Minimum reinforcement of flexural members

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Due to architectural or functional requirement, large dimensions for some members are selected, these members will have a large dimension compared to their bending requirement. therefore, a light amount of reinforcement will be sufficient to resist the service loads and moments.
Figure 1








for members with very light reinforcement, the ultimate resisting moment will be less than their cracking moments. 
Mcr=(fr*I/y) 

where 
Mcr is the cracking moment.
fr is the modulus of rupture 
I is the moment of inertia
y is the distance from neutral axis to extreme compression fiber

a smaller area of steel means a smaller nominal flexural strength of the member. on the other hand, large dimension means a larger moment of inertia and this will increase the cracking moment magnitude. if this member cracks it will fail suddenly and it will jeopardize the whole structure.

Mn=As.fy(d-a/2)

where 
Mn is the nominal flexural moment
As is area of steel
d is the effective depth of member
a is the depth of Whitney compression block

ACI [10.5.1] specifying the minimum area of steel required

for SI units

As,min=(0.25√fc'/fy)*bw*d and not less than 1.4bw*d/fy

For us units

As,min=(3√fc'/fy)*bw*d and not less than 200bw*d/fy

ACI[10.5.2] stating that bw shall be substituted with 2*bw  or the flange width whichever is smaller for a statically determined member where the tension reinforcing steel is in the flange



                       
                                                               Figure 2

we can rewrite the previous equation using ρ=As/(b*d)

for SI units

ρmin=(0.25√fc'/fy) and not less than 1.4/fy

For us units

ρmin=(3√fc'/fy) and not less than 200/fy








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