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Useful Engineering Courses

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 Construction management: Road construction course

This course is designed to expand your practical side of engineering knowledge. This course is concentrating on the construction of roads. Here you will learn how the road is constructed. The construction stages such as protection of existing services, clearing the area, future utilities, preparing the road subgrade, then placing different pavement layers such as sub-base, base course, and asphaltic courses. We will also discuss the types of asphaltic course and the common defects of asphaltic pavement, such as permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking. Also, I will show a typical cross-section of road and road profiles and many other subjects.

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Pile foundation design

This course will discuss the design of pile foundations. We will learn the methods of calculating the pile bearing capacity. The bearing capacity for a pile consists of skin and end bearing resistance. Here you will understand how to calculate the skin and end bearing resistance. Also, we will discuss the effects of the pile group on pile individual bearing capacity. We will determine the impact of pile group on individual pile bearing capacity and the amount of reduction of pile bearing capacity. We will also discuss the safety factor for pile design and the acceptable ranges for the safety factor and many other interesting subjects.

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Construction management: Prestressed concrete technology 

The use of prestressed concrete has_been_increasing sharply in recent years. This increased use of prestressed concrete is attributed to the significant improvements in the properties of the structure. Using prestressed concrete resulted in considerable enhancement of the structure's resistance capacity. Also, prestressing concrete will improve the durability of structures by decreasing or eliminating the service cracks. We will tackle the concept of prestressed concrete. This course is one of the four courses I discussed earlier to help understand the practical side of engineering. This aims to increase your knowledge of how prestressing improve the concrete's properties. You will also understand the benefits and types of prestressed concrete systems and the difference between them and many other interesting subjects.

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Construction management: concrete construction

This course is designed to expand your knowledge. in this course, you will learn almost everything about concrete. Concrete is the most used material in construction worldwide. We can find material almost in everything around us. Therefore, we need to understand this material's properties and behavior and the reason behind using it intensively in construction. In this course, we will study the different ingredients of concrete. Also, I will explain the admixture and how various admixtures can alter concrete properties. Recently the use of pozzolans increased sharply. Adding of pozzolans to the concrete mix will enhance concrete properties. We will discuss the different types of pozzolans and their effects on concrete. In this course, you also gain knowledge regarding SCC and fiber reinforced concrete and many other subjects.


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Construction management: construction field management 

This course is designed to expand your practical side of engineering knowledge. This course concentrates on the practical side of the construction field. in the field, the construction work will be completed with the contract document's assist such as contract drawing, specification, BOQ, shop drawing, method statement, and inspection test and plan. In this course, you will see samples for different contract documents, and you will know the importance of these documents and how to use it. This course will discuss other important topics, such as NOC. NOC is essential for almost all construction projects, this course identifying the NOC, the importance of NOC, and how to acquire it. Also, we will discuss here trial trenches and boreholes. This course will discuss other important topics such as earthwork, formwork, falsework, concrete, waterproofing, dewatering, reinforcement steel. As a person working in construction, you need to know these topics. In the construction field, you will deal with 90% of these topics. In his course, you will acquire essential practical knowledge. This knowledge will help in managing your construction field. This course will also discuss the supporting of deep excavation and the different methods such as sheet pile, secant piles, and kingpost wall.


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Construction management: Bridge Engineering 

Bridges are a crucial part of the traffic system, and it is used mainly to reduce the traffic jam and connect areas where the terrain like rivers and mountains exists. The construction of bridges is essential in modern life to accommodate the massive increase in vehicles. In this course, we will discuss the steps of the construction of the Box Girder Bridge. We will discuss the bridge components such as pilling: method of executing piles and tests used to verify pile quality and ability to transfer the structure load. Also, we will discuss pile caps, piers, and superstructure. We will also discuss the component of the prestressing system, equipment, stressing sequence, and prestressing losses. We will also discuss friction losses and how to obtain the friction coefficient from the friction test at the site. We will discuss the reason behind using bearing, bearing types, bearing component, presetting, articulation of bearings, and tests for bridge bearing. Finally, expansion joints, reasons behind using an expansion joint, types, and the expansion joint component and method of installing the expansion joint.


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Bridge Diaphragm

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The main function of diaphragms is to provide a stiffening effect to deck slab in case bridge webs are not situated directly on top of bearings. Therefore, diaphragms may not be necessary in case bridge bearings are placed directly under the webs because loads in bridge decks can be directly transferred to the bearings.On the other hand, diaphragms also help to improve the load-sharing characteristics of bridges. Diaphragms also contribute to the provision of torsional restraint to the bridge deck. Diaphragm will be used also to resist stresses that occurs during the post-tensioning process. Post-tensioning hardware are casted inside the diaphragm. Figure 1 construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Types of diaphragm: Diaphragm at the span end: this type of diaphragms will be located between two bridge spans or at the bridge abutments. Expansion joints will be used to connect bridge spans. This ...
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Pile cap

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Pile cap used to transfer the loads from superstructure to the piling. The pile cap is thick concrete mat rests on piles. It is part of the foundation and used to distribute the loads over the piles. Piles used when the soil bearing is not enough to carry loads of the structure. Figure 1  construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Pile cap construction procedure Excavation around piles: After 7 days of the casting of the pile the concrete will gain approximately, 70% of it is compressive strength. The soil around piles will be removed to the required levels and dimension that allows construction of the pile cap. A step shall be made if the excavation is more than 1.5 m to prevent soil collapse. Figure 2 Pile head cutting: Concrete will be removed up to cut off level. If concrete under the cut off level is unsound. It shall be removed, and the pile will be repaired...
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Bar Bending schedule (BBS)

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 The bar  bending schedule is a table that contains the details of reinforcement for a specific structural member such as footing, column, slab, and others. The bar bending schedule will contain the bars' dimensions to be used, the shape of the bars, the size of bars, bar mark, number of bars, and the weight of bars. BBS will be used to determine the weight of reinforcement required for a specific structural member.  there are various advantages of bar bending schedule such as: estimating the quantity of reinforcement for each structural member. So we can estimate the amount of reinforcement required for a construction project.  BBS will help in reducing the losses of steel by procuring the precise quantity of different rebar diameter.  BBS will reduce the wastage of reinforcement by providing the engineers with the exact dimension and shape of rebars. Knowing the exact dimension and shape will reduce the time of cutting and bending rebars.  BBS will reduce...
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Repairing of concrete bulging

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Improper designing and installation of formwork for a concrete member can result in concrete Bulging. During the placing and compacting of concrete, forms may deflect largely in the weak areas. The deflection of forms will cause concrete to expand at this location, and this known as concrete Bulging. Concrete Bulging will spoil the appearance of a concrete member. Therefore we should always ensure that the forms are appropriately installed, and it is sufficiently supported to resist the concrete during placing and compacting. Bulging should be repaired in case we couldn't avoid it. The solution of concrete Bulging, offset, or surface irregularities are surface grinding. However, excessive surface grinding can weaken the concrete.  Figure 1 If the bulging or surface irregularities are small, grinding of concrete surface will be sufficient to remove surface irregularities. If the Bulging of concrete is significant, then the concrete should be chipped, and the surface...
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shear key

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The purpose of the shear key is to improve the bonding between concrete surfaces. The shear key is usually made at the construction joint location to enhance the adhesion between the old and new casted concrete. Construction joint is considered a weak point because the concrete is not casted at one time, in large structures where the concrete can not be casted for some members at one time, such as a slab. We usually divide the slab and cast it at many stages. The large quantities of concrete will make it impossible to cast the slab at one time. Therefore, the casting will be done in several stages. The location of the construction joint should be selected carefully. Construction joint shall be made at the location of minimum shear and moment.  The bonding between old and new concrete can be improved by roughening the old concrete and forming a shear key on the concrete surface while the concrete is still plastic. The shear key can be formed by pressing timber into the concrete surf...
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Flakiness Index and Elongation Index of Coarse Aggregates

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Chamfers for concrete structures

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In general, the edges of concrete members are chamfered. Usually during the process of installing forms for a structural member such as pile cap, a chamfer a PVC chamfer as shown in figure no:1 installed at the edges of the structural members. These chamfers will form smooth slanted edges, as shown in figure no:2. The size of chamfers can be 20x20mm or more as shown on the contract drawing. The PVC chamfer fixed to forms by nails. We should ensure that the PVC chamfer fixed in their correct locations, and we should ensure that the PVC chamfer is straight and not moving up or down. Checking the alignment and location of PVC chamfer is important, so the chamfered concrete edge will have a good appearance after the form’s removal.  Figure 1 Figure 2 Chamfering the concrete edges done for many reasons such as aesthetics, some suggesting that the chamfering of concrete edges done for safety to reduce the damage of objects due to impact with sharp concrete edges. Actually, ...
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Whitney Rectangular Stress Distribution(derivation of beam expressions)

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experimental tests confirm that the strain varies in proportion to a distance from the neutral axis in compression and tension zone within and near the ultimate stress. compression stress will vary linearly as long the maximum stress is less than 0.5fc'. once the stress exceeds 0.5fc' the distribution of compression stress will change from linear distribution to the shape shown in figure 1. compressive stress will vary from zero at the neutral axis to a maximum value at or near the extreme fiber. neutral axis location and stress variation will differ from a beam to another. this variation depends on several factors such as magnitude and history of post loading, shrinkage, creep and speed of loading. construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Figure 1 for simplification whiteny replaced the curved stress block with a rectangular stress block as shown in the figure 2. compressive stress assumed to ...
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Non-Working Pile Testing and Static Compression Load Test

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Purpose of Non-Working Piles Non-working piles are constructed at the beginning of the project to evaluate soil bearing capacity and determine the maximum settlement. These piles are loaded up to twice the working load. Based on the test results, the pile length may be adjusted. If the measured settlement exceeds the allowable limit, the pile length will be increased accordingly. construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Static Compression Load Test The static compression load test provides insight into how the pile responds to loading. Settlement is measured at different load increments to determine the appropriate pile design length. The maximum applied load is typically twice the working load (2 × working load) or as specified by local standards. The following steps outline the testing procedure: A. Steel Cage Preparation The steel reinforcement cage is prepared in accordance with the approved shop drawings. ...
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why do we stagger reinforcement overlapping?

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First, we should know that steel rebar comes in standard length such as 12m. using very long reinforcement is impractical because it will result in difficulties in handling reinforcement by steel fabricators. Also, longer rebar is heavier and difficult to lift and move. So for a long structure such as a slab, we require a reinforcement length that is more than the standard reinforcement. We can't use a single piece of rebar for a specific length for such a structure, so we use two or more steel rebars to cover the entire length of the structure. Figure no:1 The zone of overlapping between reinforcement will be considered as a weak zone. Therefore, it is a good practice to stagger the reinforcement overlapping. Staggering is done by overlapping the reinforcement at a different location. Staggering reinforcement overlapping will reduce the number of rebars overlapped at the same point, which will be beneficial in two ways. Firstly, it will reduce the discontinuity of rebar at the s...
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