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Useful Engineering Courses

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 Construction management: Road construction course

This course is designed to expand your practical side of engineering knowledge. This course is concentrating on the construction of roads. Here you will learn how the road is constructed. The construction stages such as protection of existing services, clearing the area, future utilities, preparing the road subgrade, then placing different pavement layers such as sub-base, base course, and asphaltic courses. We will also discuss the types of asphaltic course and the common defects of asphaltic pavement, such as permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking. Also, I will show a typical cross-section of road and road profiles and many other subjects.

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Pile foundation design

This course will discuss the design of pile foundations. We will learn the methods of calculating the pile bearing capacity. The bearing capacity for a pile consists of skin and end bearing resistance. Here you will understand how to calculate the skin and end bearing resistance. Also, we will discuss the effects of the pile group on pile individual bearing capacity. We will determine the impact of pile group on individual pile bearing capacity and the amount of reduction of pile bearing capacity. We will also discuss the safety factor for pile design and the acceptable ranges for the safety factor and many other interesting subjects.

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Construction management: Prestressed concrete technology 

The use of prestressed concrete has_been_increasing sharply in recent years. This increased use of prestressed concrete is attributed to the significant improvements in the properties of the structure. Using prestressed concrete resulted in considerable enhancement of the structure's resistance capacity. Also, prestressing concrete will improve the durability of structures by decreasing or eliminating the service cracks. We will tackle the concept of prestressed concrete. This course is one of the four courses I discussed earlier to help understand the practical side of engineering. This aims to increase your knowledge of how prestressing improve the concrete's properties. You will also understand the benefits and types of prestressed concrete systems and the difference between them and many other interesting subjects.

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Construction management: concrete construction

This course is designed to expand your knowledge. in this course, you will learn almost everything about concrete. Concrete is the most used material in construction worldwide. We can find material almost in everything around us. Therefore, we need to understand this material's properties and behavior and the reason behind using it intensively in construction. In this course, we will study the different ingredients of concrete. Also, I will explain the admixture and how various admixtures can alter concrete properties. Recently the use of pozzolans increased sharply. Adding of pozzolans to the concrete mix will enhance concrete properties. We will discuss the different types of pozzolans and their effects on concrete. In this course, you also gain knowledge regarding SCC and fiber reinforced concrete and many other subjects.


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Construction management: construction field management 

This course is designed to expand your practical side of engineering knowledge. This course concentrates on the practical side of the construction field. in the field, the construction work will be completed with the contract document's assist such as contract drawing, specification, BOQ, shop drawing, method statement, and inspection test and plan. In this course, you will see samples for different contract documents, and you will know the importance of these documents and how to use it. This course will discuss other important topics, such as NOC. NOC is essential for almost all construction projects, this course identifying the NOC, the importance of NOC, and how to acquire it. Also, we will discuss here trial trenches and boreholes. This course will discuss other important topics such as earthwork, formwork, falsework, concrete, waterproofing, dewatering, reinforcement steel. As a person working in construction, you need to know these topics. In the construction field, you will deal with 90% of these topics. In his course, you will acquire essential practical knowledge. This knowledge will help in managing your construction field. This course will also discuss the supporting of deep excavation and the different methods such as sheet pile, secant piles, and kingpost wall.


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Construction management: Bridge Engineering 

Bridges are a crucial part of the traffic system, and it is used mainly to reduce the traffic jam and connect areas where the terrain like rivers and mountains exists. The construction of bridges is essential in modern life to accommodate the massive increase in vehicles. In this course, we will discuss the steps of the construction of the Box Girder Bridge. We will discuss the bridge components such as pilling: method of executing piles and tests used to verify pile quality and ability to transfer the structure load. Also, we will discuss pile caps, piers, and superstructure. We will also discuss the component of the prestressing system, equipment, stressing sequence, and prestressing losses. We will also discuss friction losses and how to obtain the friction coefficient from the friction test at the site. We will discuss the reason behind using bearing, bearing types, bearing component, presetting, articulation of bearings, and tests for bridge bearing. Finally, expansion joints, reasons behind using an expansion joint, types, and the expansion joint component and method of installing the expansion joint.


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Pile cap

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Pile cap used to transfer the loads from superstructure to the piling. The pile cap is thick concrete mat rests on piles. It is part of the foundation and used to distribute the loads over the piles. Piles used when the soil bearing is not enough to carry loads of the structure. Figure 1  construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Pile cap construction procedure Excavation around piles: After 7 days of the casting of the pile the concrete will gain approximately, 70% of it is compressive strength. The soil around piles will be removed to the required levels and dimension that allows construction of the pile cap. A step shall be made if the excavation is more than 1.5 m to prevent soil collapse. Figure 2 Pile head cutting: Concrete will be removed up to cut off level. If concrete under the cut off level is unsound. It shall be removed, and the pile will be repaired...
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Binding wire for steel reinforcement

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  Binding wires are used to tie steel bars together. These wires are playing a significant role in maintaining the reinforcement stability and rigidity. Wires are used to tie the steel bars at intersections points. By tying the steel bars together, we ensure that the steel bars will not move from their locations during construction or during the time of concreting. In slabs, binding wires are used to tie longitudinal and transverse bars together. In columns, it is used to tie vertical bars with stirrups.   Figure 1 There are various types of binding wires such as  Black annealed baling wire, Stainless Steel Binding Wire, and PVC coated binding wires.  Black annealed baling wire used to tie black steel. The popular size for black wire ranges from 16 to 22 gauges. Stainless steel binding wires are used to bind stainless steel reinforcement. Stainless steel reinforcement is used in a harsh environment where the black steel gets rusted quickly. Therefore, stainless ...
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Repairing of concrete bulging

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Improper designing and installation of formwork for a concrete member can result in concrete Bulging. During the placing and compacting of concrete, forms may deflect largely in the weak areas. The deflection of forms will cause concrete to expand at this location, and this known as concrete Bulging. Concrete Bulging will spoil the appearance of a concrete member. Therefore we should always ensure that the forms are appropriately installed, and it is sufficiently supported to resist the concrete during placing and compacting. Bulging should be repaired in case we couldn't avoid it. The solution of concrete Bulging, offset, or surface irregularities are surface grinding. However, excessive surface grinding can weaken the concrete.  Figure 1 If the bulging or surface irregularities are small, grinding of concrete surface will be sufficient to remove surface irregularities. If the Bulging of concrete is significant, then the concrete should be chipped, and the surface...
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Bridge Diaphragm

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The main function of diaphragms is to provide a stiffening effect to deck slab in case bridge webs are not situated directly on top of bearings. Therefore, diaphragms may not be necessary in case bridge bearings are placed directly under the webs because loads in bridge decks can be directly transferred to the bearings.On the other hand, diaphragms also help to improve the load-sharing characteristics of bridges. Diaphragms also contribute to the provision of torsional restraint to the bridge deck. Diaphragm will be used also to resist stresses that occurs during the post-tensioning process. Post-tensioning hardware are casted inside the diaphragm. Figure 1 construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Types of diaphragm: Diaphragm at the span end: this type of diaphragms will be located between two bridge spans or at the bridge abutments. Expansion joints will be used to connect bridge spans. This ...
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Casing for piles

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The casing is a thick steel tube. The casing used extensively in construction drilled piles. The casing used to guide the drilling rig to drill the pile hole in the correct location. Also, it can be used to stabilize and prevent the soil from collapse until the concreting of the pile is completed. Furthermore, the casing will be used to hang the steel cage until the concrete is poured. The used casing should be thick and strong enough to resist the imposed stresses during the installation and removal process for temporarily casing. The casing should be clean, smooth, free from encrusted concrete, or any damage that can affect the size and shape of the pile. Figure 1 The casing length will vary according to the purpose of use and the type of the soil. If supporting fluids are used to stabilize the soil, the casing will be used as a guide for the drilling rig. Therefore, the casing length will be short. If the casing is used to support the soil, the casing length should be s...
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Driven piles

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Driven piles have been used widely as a foundation for different structures. In this type of foundation. Piles are driven to soil mechanically using a hammer. There are enormous types of driven piles. construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer  Steel H Piles Section of H-pile consists of flange and web, as shown in figure no:1. They are driven using a high impact hammer, and the likelihood of pile damage is low. H-piles resists the loads through skin friction or end bearing or both. Since the displacement of soil is minimal, this type of piles can be driven into dense granular soil or stiff clay layers. Although some problem during driving may arise. Plugging is one of them. After driving the pile to a certain level. soils will adhere to pile web and between the flange creating a closed end. This will change the pile to displaced pile and complicate pile driving. H-piles should be protect...
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Flakiness Index and Elongation Index of Coarse Aggregates

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Flaky and elongated aggregates can adversely affect concrete. Flaky and elongated aggregates are difficult to compact. Therefore using flaky and elongated aggregates will reduce concrete workability, which required more amount of water to produce a workable mix. Increasing water content will reduce concrete strength and durability. Moreover, these aggregates are not robust, which leads to lowering concrete strength. Figure 1 construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer The Flakiness Index of aggregates is the percentage by weight of particles whose least dimension (thickness) is less than three- fifths (0.6times) of their mean dimension. This test does not apply to sizes smaller than 6.3mm. The Elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest dimension (length) is greater than nine-fifths (1.8times) their mean dimension. Flakiness and elongation tests ar...
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Lateral support and skin reinforcement for reinforced beam

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The buckling of the unsupported beam with any dimension even narrow and deep is a rare occurrence. If the beam subjected to appreciable lateral torsion. ACI code [10.4.1] stating that lateral support is not required to placed closer than 50 times b, where b is the least width of compression face or flange.however, it must be considered in determining the maximum spacing for lateral support. construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Skin Reinforcement for Deep Beams ACI code [10.6.7] stating that skin reinforcement shall be added for beams with depth h is 400 mm or more, the purpose of this reinforcement is to control cracks in the upper part of the tension zone, this reinforcement will be distributed in both vertical faces of the beam within a distance of h/2 from the tension zone as shown in figure 1, Figure 1 construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a br...
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Non-Working Pile Testing and Static Compression Load Test

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Purpose of Non-Working Piles Non-working piles are constructed at the beginning of the project to evaluate soil bearing capacity and determine the maximum settlement. These piles are loaded up to twice the working load. Based on the test results, the pile length may be adjusted. If the measured settlement exceeds the allowable limit, the pile length will be increased accordingly. construction management: concrete construction bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer Static Compression Load Test The static compression load test provides insight into how the pile responds to loading. Settlement is measured at different load increments to determine the appropriate pile design length. The maximum applied load is typically twice the working load (2 × working load) or as specified by local standards. The following steps outline the testing procedure: A. Steel Cage Preparation The steel reinforcement cage is prepared in accordance with the approved shop drawings. ...
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why do we stagger reinforcement overlapping?

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First, we should know that steel rebar comes in standard length such as 12m. using very long reinforcement is impractical because it will result in difficulties in handling reinforcement by steel fabricators. Also, longer rebar is heavier and difficult to lift and move. So for a long structure such as a slab, we require a reinforcement length that is more than the standard reinforcement. We can't use a single piece of rebar for a specific length for such a structure, so we use two or more steel rebars to cover the entire length of the structure. Figure no:1 The zone of overlapping between reinforcement will be considered as a weak zone. Therefore, it is a good practice to stagger the reinforcement overlapping. Staggering is done by overlapping the reinforcement at a different location. Staggering reinforcement overlapping will reduce the number of rebars overlapped at the same point, which will be beneficial in two ways. Firstly, it will reduce the discontinuity of rebar at the s...
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